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Founder – William Glasser Very early he rejected the Freudian model and put together what became known as reality therapy by 1962.  By 1996 Glasser changed the name to choice theory to reflect all that he had developed and changed regarding the theory.  Glasser (1998, 2000, 2003) outlines the basics on his updated theory, which he calls the “new reality therapy.” Introduction: Reality therapy is based on choice theory as it is explained in Glasser’s most recent books.  Reality therapists believe the underlying problem of most clients is the same:  They are either involved in a present unsatisfying or lack what could even be called a relationship.  Many of the problems of clients are caused by their inability to connect, to get close to others, or to have a satisfying or successful relationship with at least one of the significant people in their lives.  The therapist guides clients toward a satisfying relationship and teaches them to behave in more effec...

Freud’s views continue to influence contemporary practice.Many of his basic concepts are still part of the foundation on which other theorists build and develop.Some extended the psychoanalytic model, others modified its concepts and procedures, and others emerged as a reaction against it. Freud initially shaped psychotherapy by calling attention to psychodynamic factors that motivate behavior, by focusing on the role of the unconscious, and by developing the first therapeutic procedures for understanding and modifying the structure of one’s basic character.Freud’s theory is a benchmark against which many other theories are measured.This chapter focuses on basic psychoanalytic concepts and practices, and therapies that apply classical psychoanalytic concepts to practice less rigorously than Freud. KEY CONCEPTS View of Human Nature: human nature is basically deterministic.According to Freud, our behavior is determined by irrational forces, unconscious motivations, and biological and ins...