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 Traditional behavior therapy has broadened and largely moved in the direction of cognitive behavior therapy.  Albert Ellis’s rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) , Beck’s cognitive therapy, and Meichenbaum’s cognitive behavior therapy are several of the more prominent cognitive behavioral approaches.  Cognitive behavior therapy combines both cognitive and behavioral principles and methods in a short-term treatment approach. The cognitive behavioral approaches share these attributes: 1. a collaborative relationship between client and therapist 2. the premise that psychological distress is largely a function of disturbances in cognitive processes 3. a focus on changing cognitions to produce desired changes in affect and behavior, and 4. a generally time-limited and educational treatment focusing on specific and structured target problems. All of the cognitive behavioral approaches are based on a structured psycho-educational model, and they all emphasize the role ...

Alfred Adler was a major contributor to the development of the psychodynamic approach to therapy.  After 8-10 years of collaboration, Freud and Adler parted company, with Freud taking the position that Adler was a heretic who had deserted him.  Adler founded the Society for Individual Psychology in 1912.  Other Freudian revisionists included Karen Horney, Erich Fromm, and Harry Stack Sullivan.  These neo-Freudians agreed that social and cultural factors were of great significance in shaping personality.  They are called neo-Freudian because they moved away from Freud’s biological and deterministic point of view toward Adler’s social-psychological and goal-oriented view of human nature.  After Adler’s death in 1937, Rudolf Dreikurs was the most significant figure in bringing Adlerian psychology to the U.S.   Dreikurs is credited with the idea of child guidance centers and training professionals to work with a wide range of clients. View of Human Nature:...

The term behavior modification and behavior therapy are often used interchangeably, but they have slightly different meanings Behavior modification is an approach to assessment, evaluation, and behavior change that focuses on the development of adaptive, pro-social behaviors and the decrease of maladaptive behavior in daily living.  Behavior modification is used by therapists and paraprofessional workers to help individuals improve some aspect of daily life.  Behavior therapy is a clinical approach that can be used to treat a variety of disorders, in various types of settings, and with a wide range of special population groups. Historical Background; The behavioral approach had its origin in the 1950s and early 1960s and it was a radical departure from the dominant psychoanalytic perspective.  Contemporary behavior therapy arose simultaneously in the U.S., South Africa, and Great Britain in the 1950s.  In spite of harsh criticism and resistance from traditional p...